亚里士多德的德性伦理学是以灵魂追求最终的绝对的善为目的,其中“中道”德性思想是亚里士多德实践的德性伦理学的指导思想,其强调要根据不同的实践环境情况来选择适度的情景,而这与同处于一个轴心时代的孔子的“中庸思想”有极大的异同之处,并给现代道德教育现状带来了极大的启示。Aristotle’s virtue ethics aims to pursue the ultimate absolute good of the soul, and the “Middle Way” virtue thought is the guiding ideology of Aristotle’s practice of virtue ethics. It emphasizes the need to choose appropriate situations according to different practical environments, which has great similarities and differences with Confucius’ “Doctrine of the Mean” in the same axial era, and has brought great enlightenment to the current situation of modern moral education.
洛克的《政府论》中慈善的引入体现出慈善的多元价值。慈善的基础建立在人格权利行使与财产制度构建之上,它既是个人理性与行动能力的体现,也是财产制度的重要补充。慈善不仅涵盖了个体的博爱与宽容、社会的和谐与公平的内核义务,更深化了人性发展与延伸、神性传达与实现的内核义务。最终,慈善利用自身内核提供代内问题的解决可能,有效形成了代内正义,为社会联合的和谐与进步贡献了重要力量。The introduction of charity in Locke’s “On Government” reflects the diverse values of charity. The foundation of charity is built on the exercise of personal rights and the construction of property systems. It is not only a reflection of individual rationality and action ability, but also an important supplement to the property system. Charity not only encompasses the core obligations of individual love and tolerance, social harmony and fairness, but also deepens the core obligations of human development and extension, divine transmission and realization. In the end, charity utilizes its own core to provide solutions to intergenerational problems, effectively forming intergenerational justice and contributing important forces to the harmony and progress of social unity.
