数据知识产权是对数据权益的特有保护,具有赋权属性。数据知识产权客体是合法取得在先权益后,经一定算法加工处理的、具有商业价值和创造性成果属性的衍生性数据产品,具有非物质性、非竞争性、只能达成观念控制上的占有等特性。数据知识产权属于数据产权制度的一环,与“数据三权”中的数据产品经营权的权能相近,在位阶上应属于数据产品经营权的下位概念,两者是一般法与特别法的关系:对于符合创造性的衍生型数据产品优先采用数据知识产权制度保护,数据产品经营权给予兜底性保护。观察实践中的数据产品所有权,其本质也是无形财产权在知识产权框架下的重申。在数据知识产权的审查模式上,结合试点省市的数据知识产权登记制度,从数据知识产权的公开范围和界权成本衡量的两个方面考虑,我国应当采取形式审查模式。Data intellectual property rights are unique protection of data rights and interests, and have empowering attributes. The object of data intellectual property rights is a derivative data product with commercial value and creative achievement attributes that has been processed by a certain algorithm after lawfully obtaining prior rights and interests, and has the characteristics of non-materiality, non-competition, and possession that can only achieve conceptual control. Data intellectual property rights belong to a part of the data property rights system, which is similar to the power of the data product management right in the “three rights of data”, and should belong to the subordinate concept of the data product management right in terms of hierarchy, and the relationship between the two is the relationship between the general law and the special law: for derivative data products that meet the creative requirements, the data intellectual property system protection is preferred, and the data product management right is given comprehensive protection.
