西方哲学演进中,传统形而上学深陷超验思辨困境,近代认识论困于主客二分僵局,经验主义暴露归纳局限。马克思实践范畴从本体论、认识论、价值论三维度革新哲学。基于本体论,将实践定位于人类及世界存在发展核心,源起生产实践,驱动社会变革。认识论上,视实践为认识源起、全程动力及真理检验标准,融合主客。价值论中,批判资本剥削,关怀人道,激发社会批判变革,构建实践唯物主义、催生历史唯物主义,弥补经验主义短板,以达人类自由全面发展之境,彰显哲学实践转向的深刻内涵与时代意义。In the evolution of Western philosophy, traditional metaphysics has been deeply trapped in the dilemma of transcendental speculation, modern epistemology has been trapped in the dilemma of subject object dichotomy, and empiricism has exposed the limitations of induction. Marx’s practice category innovates philosophy from three dimensions: ontology, epistemology, and value theory. In ontology, practice is positioned at the core of human and world existence and development, originating from production practice and driving social change. In epistemology, practice is regarded as the source of knowledge, the driving force throughout the process, and the criterion for testing truth, integrating subject and object. In the theory of values, criticism of capital exploitation, concern for humanity, stimulation of social criticism and change, construction of practical materialism, birth of historical materialism, filling the gaps of empiricism, in order to achieve the comprehensive development of human freedom, and highlighting the profound connotation and significance of the philosophical practice shift.
