在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》公开发表十年前,卢卡奇就在《历史与阶级意识》一书中提出了物化理论,和马克思的异化理论殊途同归,在精神实质上同向而行。他试图用马克思主义回答并解决资本主义快速发展而产生的社会问题,因此二者在概念界定、批判对象、理论结果和最终追求上相互联系。但由于二者时代不同,因此在思想渊源、理论出发点、概念区分和扬弃物化或异化的实现通路上有所不同。深入进行二者对比分析能够有效帮助我们把握物化理论和异化理论,对中国式现代化道路设计提供新的思考。Ten years before the public publication of the Economic-Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, Lukács proposed the Theory of Reification in his book History and Class Consciousness, which is similar with Marx’s Theory of Alienation and goes in the same direction in its spiritual essence, trying to use Marxism to answer and solve the social problems arising from the rapid development of capitalism. Therefore, they are interrelated in terms of concept definition, object of criticism, theoretical results and ultimate pursuit. However, because of their different times, they differ in their ideological origins, theoretical starting points, conceptual distinctions, and ways to achieve the elimination of objectification or alienation. An in-depth comparative analysis of the two can effectively help us grasp the theories of reification and alienation and provide new thoughts on the design of the Chinese path to modernization.
在阿尔贝·加缪的文学作品中,“荒诞”不仅是其创作的鲜明烙印,更是对现代人类生存状态的深刻洞察。其中,“异化”作为荒诞文学的核心议题之一,通过《局外人》这部作品得到了淋漓尽致的展现。鉴于异化理论在马克思思想体系中的核心地位,本文旨在深入剖析《局外人》中默尔索所经历的个体与自我、社会即存在本质的异化图景,并以此为镜,探讨其与马克思异化理论之间的共鸣与差异,进而揭示两者在批判现代性、探索人类解放路径上的不同视角与共同追求。In Albert Camus’s literary works, “dystopia” is not only the distinctive mark of his creation but also a profound insight into the state of modern human existence. Among them, “alienation,” as one of the core issues of dystopian literature, has been fully demonstrated through the work of “The Outsider.” In view of the central position of alienation theory in Marx’s thought system, this paper aims to deeply analyze the alienation of individual and self, society, and the nature of existence experienced by Meursault in “The Outsider” and use it as a mirror to explore the resonance and difference between it and Marx’s theory of alienation, so as to reveal the different perspectives and common pursuits of both of them in the criticism of modernity and the exploration of the path of human emancipation.
在电商时代的推动下,消费异化现象日益普遍,表现为人们的消费行为逐渐脱离实际需求,转向符号化、盲目化和功利化。本文基于马克思的异化理论,分析消费异化的根源和表现,尤其在电商平台的背景下,探讨消费目的、消费心理和人与自然的异化问题。Driven by the era of e-commerce, the phenomenon of consumption alienation has become increasingly common, which is manifested in the fact that people’s consumption behaviour is gradually detached from the actual needs, and shifted to symbolism, blindness and utilitarianism. Based on Marx’s theory of alienation, this paper analyses the root causes and manifestations of consumption alienation, especially in the context of e-commerce platforms, and explores the alienation of consumption purpose, consumption psychology and man and nature.
卢卡奇在《历史和阶级意识》一书中提到的物化理论将资本主义生产过程作为其批判对象彻底揭开了物化的神秘面纱,马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中提出的异化理论重新界定了异化的概念,揭示了人的生存困境。卢卡奇的物化理论是对马克思异化理论的继承和扩展,卢卡奇借用马克思在《资本论》中提出的商品拜物教思想理论来阐述其物化概念,并且将物化概念从政治、经济方面展开对资本主义社会的批判,进一步看到了主体思想领域的物化现象同时对这一现象进行批判。卢卡奇的物化理论与马克思的异化理论在批判对象等方面具有一定的相似性,但是可以从理论出发点、概念内涵等方面可以发现二者区别。深入挖掘卢卡奇物化理论和马克思异化理论的联系和区别,可以为中国特色社会主义建设提供借鉴,对新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义有着重要的理论意义和现实意义。Lukács’ theory of objectification mentioned in his book History and Class Consciousness takes the capitalist production process as the object of his criticism and completely unveils the mystery of objectification, and Marx’s theory of alienation proposed in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 redefines the concept of alienation and reveals the predicament of human existence. Lukács’s theory of objectification is the inheritance and expansion of Marx’s theory of alienation, Lukács borrows the theory of commodity fetishism thought proposed by Marx in Capital to elaborate his concept of objectification, and develops the concept of objectification from the political and economic aspects of the critique of the capitalist society, and further sees the phenomenon of objectification in the field of the subject’s thought while critiquing this phenomenon. Lukács’s theory of objectification and Marx’s theory of alienation have certain similarities in terms of the object of criti
