搜索到182485篇“ ERRORS“的相关文章
中低英语水平学习者书面语错误动态变化特征
2024年
以某高职英语专业普高、职高生源各一个班级学生为研究对象,以前后两次限时有效英语书面作文语料自建语料库。采用错误分析理论,对作文中词形、词汇及句法错误进行共时与历时比较分析,试图发现产生的变化规律。研究表明,两类研究对象英语书面语作文改善和句法错误变化统计显著,书面作文成绩、词汇及句法错误差异显著。初次英语书面作文成绩与词形、词汇、句法错误均显著负相关;后次作文中普高班学生的成绩与句法错误中等负相关,职高班学生作文成绩与词汇及句法错误显著负相关。研究结果为深入研究中国中低英语水平学习者书面写作动态发展特征、能力提升途径及写作教学实践提供了有益启示。
蒋玉琴
关键词:英语书面语词汇错误句法错误
Prevalence of Refractive Errors among School Children Aged 5 to 15 Years Old at CHU-IOTA
2024年
Introduction: Undetected refractive errors constitute a health problem among school children who cannot take advantage of educational opportunities. The authors studied the prevalence of refractive errors in school children aged 5 to 15 at CHU-IOTA. Patients and Method: This is a prospective, descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the ophthalmic-pediatrics department of CHU-IOTA, from October to November 2023. Results: We received 340 school children aged 5 to 15, among whom 111 presented ametropia, i.e. a prevalence of 32.65%. The average age was 11.42 ± 2.75 years and a sex ratio of 0.59. The average visual acuity was 4/10 (range 1/10 and 10/10). We found refractive defects: astigmatism 73.87%, hyperopia 23.87% of cases and myopia 2.25%. The decline in distance visual acuity was the most common functional sign. Ocular abnormalities associated with ametropia were dominated by allergic conjunctivitis (26.13%) and papillary excavation (6.31%) in astigmatics;allergic conjunctivitis (9.01%) and papillary excavation (7.20%) in hyperopic patients;turbid vitreous (0.90%), myopic choroidosis (0.45%) and allergic conjunctivitis (0.45%) in myopes. Conclusion: Refractive errors constitute a reality and a major public health problem among school children.
Kadiatou BaAichata TallMory CoulibalyCheick SogodogoZoumana BagayogoAoua Ibrahim ToureOusmane ToureBrainima CoulibalyFatoumata Tata SidibeAly KonipoRoucky SangareSeydou DialloMoro SidibeOumar DialloAssiatou SimagaGounon SayeModibo SissokoMamadou Kole SidibeSidi DiarraNouhoum GuirouAbdoulaye NapoAdama Guindo
关键词:PREVALENCECHILD
Uncertainties of landslide susceptibility prediction: Influences of random errors in landslide conditioning factors and errors reduction by low pass filter method
2024年
In the existing landslide susceptibility prediction(LSP)models,the influences of random errors in landslide conditioning factors on LSP are not considered,instead the original conditioning factors are directly taken as the model inputs,which brings uncertainties to LSP results.This study aims to reveal the influence rules of the different proportional random errors in conditioning factors on the LSP un-certainties,and further explore a method which can effectively reduce the random errors in conditioning factors.The original conditioning factors are firstly used to construct original factors-based LSP models,and then different random errors of 5%,10%,15% and 20%are added to these original factors for con-structing relevant errors-based LSP models.Secondly,low-pass filter-based LSP models are constructed by eliminating the random errors using low-pass filter method.Thirdly,the Ruijin County of China with 370 landslides and 16 conditioning factors are used as study case.Three typical machine learning models,i.e.multilayer perceptron(MLP),support vector machine(SVM)and random forest(RF),are selected as LSP models.Finally,the LSP uncertainties are discussed and results show that:(1)The low-pass filter can effectively reduce the random errors in conditioning factors to decrease the LSP uncertainties.(2)With the proportions of random errors increasing from 5%to 20%,the LSP uncertainty increases continuously.(3)The original factors-based models are feasible for LSP in the absence of more accurate conditioning factors.(4)The influence degrees of two uncertainty issues,machine learning models and different proportions of random errors,on the LSP modeling are large and basically the same.(5)The Shapley values effectively explain the internal mechanism of machine learning model predicting landslide sus-ceptibility.In conclusion,greater proportion of random errors in conditioning factors results in higher LSP uncertainty,and low-pass filter can effectively reduce these random errors.
Faming HuangZuokui TengChi YaoShui-Hua JiangFilippo CataniWei ChenJinsong Huang
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Refractive Errors among University Students at Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda
2024年
Introduction: WHO estimated that uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment and second leading cause of blindness globally. University students are prone to developing refractive errors due to their curriculum that requires a lot of near work affecting their performance and quality of life unknowingly. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in the development of refractive errors. This study addresses the paucity of knowledge about refractive errors among university students in East Africa, providing a foundation for further research. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with refractive errors among students in the Faculty of Medicine at Mbarara University of Science and Technology. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study in which 368 undergraduate students selected using random sampling were assessed for refractive errors from March 2021-July 2021. Eligible participants were recruited and their VA assessment done after answering a questionnaire. Students whose VA improved on pin hole had subjective retinoscopy and results were compiled and imported to STATA 14 for analysis. Results: The prevalence of refractive errors was 26.36% with (95% CI) among university students especially myopia. Myopia is most predominant at 60%, followed by 37% Astigmatism and hyperopia of 3% among medical students. Astigmatism consisted of largely myopic astigmatism 72% (26) and 28% (10) compound/mixed astigmatism only. Student positive family history of refractive error was found to have a statistically significant relationship with refractive errors with AOR 1.68 (1.04 - 2.72) (95% CI) and P (0.032). Conclusion: The prevalence of refractive errors among university students, especially myopia, was found to be high and family history was associated with students having refractive errors.
Denis KamaraJohn OnyangoSimon ArungaMwanja PiusPliers Denis TusingwireMary Assumpta AyooEric Ronald MulongoBarnabas Atwiine
关键词:PREVALENCEASTIGMATISMHYPEROPIAHYPERMETROPIAUNIVERSITYBLINDNESS
防范儿童住院患者给药错误的最佳证据总结
2024年
目的 总结儿童用药给药错误管理与预防的最佳实践证据,为临床用药提供参考。方法 根据澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心的问题开发工具构建循证问题,检索用药错误相关指南和共识,由研究者对纳入文献进行质量评价,对符合质量标准的文献进行证据提取和汇总。结果 共纳入文献9篇,包括循证指南2篇,专家共识7篇。最终从管理、环境与设备、标签、信息、核查、医嘱、给药、高危药品管理等方面共总结34条最佳证据。结论 防范儿童用药给药错误证据较全面,纳入指南质量相对较高,但儿科人群指南尚不足,且防范儿童给药错误偏重剂量错误的预防,未来需开展更多用药错误类型的防范策略研究。
杨芹李凤婷王旭梅曹旺迟巍
关键词:用药错误用药安全给药错误
无回答与计量误差叠加时总体方差的校准估计
2024年
非抽样误差是一种系统误差,在概率抽样、非概率抽样和全面调查中都可能存在,对统计数据质量和估计结果都会造成重要影响。当前对非抽样误差视角下有限总体参数估计方法的研究存在不足,对多种非抽样误差叠加时总体方差估计的研究也比较少。文章基于校准估计方法讨论了在两种非抽样误差同时存在的情况下,分层随机抽样中有限总体方差的估计问题。针对无回答和计量误差叠加存在的情形,提出了一种改进的总体方差校准估计量。在此基础上,考察了所提校准估计量的统计性质,并推导了其偏差和均方误差的一阶近似数学表达式。模拟研究和真实数据结果均显示,所提校准估计量相比Singh的校准估计量总是更有效的。
庞智强牛玺娟王朝旭
关键词:校准无回答误差总体方差
不同年龄功能性语音障碍儿童的辅音语音错误特征研究
2024年
目的研究不同年龄功能性语音障碍儿童(speech sound disorders,SSD)的语音障碍严重程度是否存在区别,并探讨其辅音语音错误特征。方法以2019年7月~2022年11月于中南大学湘雅三医院康复医学科就诊的172例SSD患儿为研究对象,其中4岁97例(男63例,女34例),5岁45例(男36例,女9例),6岁30例(男22例,女8例)。以图片命名法对单词水平进行语音评估,记录辅音的语音错误类型,并计算辅音正确百分比(percentage consonants correct,PCC)和不同构音方式辅音(塞音化、塞擦音化、摩擦音化、鼻音化以及边音化)的错误比例。结果①三组间PCC差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②三组间省略错误存在显著差异(Z=6.531,P=0.038<0.05),替代和歪曲错误无明显差异(P>0.05);③三组儿童省略错误中均以边音/l/省略为主;④三组儿童均存在较多的塞音化、塞擦音化和摩擦音化,但三组不同构音方式(塞音化、鼻音化、塞擦音化、摩擦音化和边音化)的辅音错误占比无差异(P>0.05)。结论不同年龄SSD儿童的语音障碍严重程度无明显差别,但省略错误分布存在明显差异,构音方式存在相似的语音错误特征。
彭静吴民华邹密杨硕谭洁
蒙特卡罗模拟机架和多叶准直器误差对旋转放疗剂量的影响
2024年
研究在常规直线加速器实施快速旋转调强放疗(IMAT)治疗过程中,内置多叶准直器(MLCs)和机架旋转误差对放疗剂量的影响。随机选择7例脑胶质瘤患者,并在常规直线加速器Varian 23EX上设计IMAT计划,对MLCs和机架分别引入不同大小误差。通过不一致指数和剂量体积直方图(DVH)评估引入误差对IMAT放疗临床剂量的影响。对于单侧MLCs随机误差,当MLCs随机误差达2 mm时计划靶体积平均剂量(PTV-Dmean)增加了约2.7%。当MLCs一侧外扩MLC-1 mm、MLC-2 mm、MLC-rnd时导致其PTV-Dmean平均偏差分别为1.12%、2.15%和1.15%,晶体的平均剂量偏差分别为5.25%、9.97%和5.49%。对于MLC两组叶片分别偏移±2 mm时导致PTV平均剂量的最大偏差为0.8%,晶体和脑干的最大剂量和平均剂量分别增加了11.4%、15.8%和1.99%、1.07%。引入机架角度误差,计划靶体积最小剂量(PTV-Dmin)和PTV-Dmean最大剂量分别降低了2.75%和0.35%。导致危及器官(OAR)的DVH的剂量学偏差变化较大,尤其对于晶体当机架偏差为(−2°)时晶体的最大剂量和平均剂量分别偏高达16.9%和38.5%。机架和MLCs误差对OAR的受量均产生较大剂量偏差。随机误差导致的MLCs剂量偏差受叶片位移误差的大小以及在特定弧段处的射束子野权重影响,MLCs误差(−2 mm或+2 mm)时产生的剂量偏差最大。机架旋转误差对靶区PTV剂量分布的影响不大,但是对于OAR会产生较大的剂量偏差。
张若辉郜玉兰白文文孟慧鹏王克强迟子锋
Numerical Investigations on the Resonance Errors of Multiscale Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for One-Dimensional Stationary Schrödinger Equation
2024年
In this paper,numerical experiments are carried out to investigate the impact of penalty parameters in the numerical traces on the resonance errors of high-order multiscale discontinuous Galerkin(DG)methods(Dong et al.in J Sci Comput 66:321–345,2016;Dong and Wang in J Comput Appl Math 380:1–11,2020)for a one-dimensional stationary Schrödinger equation.Previous work showed that penalty parameters were required to be positive in error analysis,but the methods with zero penalty parameters worked fine in numerical simulations on coarse meshes.In this work,by performing extensive numerical experiments,we discover that zero penalty parameters lead to resonance errors in the multiscale DG methods,and taking positive penalty parameters can effectively reduce resonance errors and make the matrix in the global linear system have better condition numbers.
Bo DongWei Wang
Specifications and control of spatial frequency errors of components in two-beam laser static holographic exposure for pulse compression grating fabrication
2024年
The large-aperture pulse compression grating(PCG) is a critical component in generating an ultra-high-intensity, ultra-short-pulse laser;however, the size of the PCG manufactured by transmission holographic exposure is limited to large-scale high-quality materials. The reflective method is a potential way for solving the size limitation, but there is still no successful precedent due to the lack of scientific specifications and advanced processing technology of exposure mirrors. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to clarify the specifications of components, and advanced processing technology is adopted to control the spatial frequency errors. Hereafter, we have successfully fabricated a multilayer dielectric grating of 200 mm × 150 mm by using an off-axis reflective exposure system with Φ300 mm. This demonstration proves that PCGs can be manufactured by using the reflection holographic exposure method and shows the potential for manufacturing the meter-level gratings used in 100 petawatt class high-power lasers.
Chen HuSonglin WanGuochang JiangHaojin GuYibin ZhangYunxia JinShijie LiuChengqiang ZhaoHongchao CaoChaoyang WeiJianda Shao
关键词:SPECIFICATIONS

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黄明
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周海云
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张永奎
作品数:4被引量:5H指数:2
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李祖君
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刘学强
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