Here we describe tHuashancyprinus robustispinus, gen. et sp. nov, a fossil cyprinin fish from the Oligocene of Ningming Ba- sin, Guangxi, South China. It differs from all other cyprinin fishes in the following apomorphic characters： extremely robust last unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays with very fine serrations along posterior edge, the crowns of pharyngeal teeth A2 and A3 with a number of deep grooves on the lateral wall, rather large A3, and relatively deep infraorbital 2. Among the members of the Tribe Cyprinini sensu stricto, it mostly resembles the extant genus Cyprinus, particularly to species Cyprinus micristius and C. fuxianensis, which are restricted to Yunnan, southwestern China. The discovery of the cyprinin Huashancyprinus from southern China, along with the previously known late Eocene tCyprinus maomingensis, indicates an early branching of the Cyprininae （Cyprinidae） in this area.
Here we revise a fossil cobitid species ■Cobitis longipectoralis Zhou, 1992, based mainly on a well-preserved specimen collected recently from the taxon’s type locality of the late early Miocene of Shanwang, Shandong Province, East China. The new specimen, along with those collected by Zhou, enables us to provide an emended diagnosis and more detailed description of the species by focusing on the characters such as the structures of the suborbital spine and the presence and shape of the lamina circularis at the base of the second pectoral fin ray in adult males, the presence of a frontoparietal fontanelle, and a quad- rate-metapterygoid fenestra, etc. The long pectoral fin, initially considered by Zhou as the most important character of the spe- cies, however, turns out to be not diagnostic for the species. ■Cobitis longipectoralis Zhou, 1992 is not only the most informative and best-preserved early cobitid fossil known thus far but also the only and earliest cobitid fossil from East Asia.
