Reaumuria soongorica is a short woody shrub widely found in semi-arid areas of China.It can survive severe environmental stress including high salinity in its natural habitat.Thus,we investigated the involvement of anti-oxidative enzymes,photosynthetic pigments and flavonoid metabolism in the adaptation of R.soongorica to saline environments.R.soongorica was treated with 0,100,200 and 400 mM NaCl solutions for 14 days.Soil salt content increased significantly by watering with high content of NaCl solution,and no variation between 8 and 14 days during treatment.The levels of peroxidation of lipid membranes(measured by malondialdehyde content)and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and ascorbate peroxidase(APX))increased under salt stress.Chlorophyll and carotenoid content decreased with increasing salt content.The ratio of Chl a/Chl b and carotenoid/Chl exhibited significant increase under 400 mM NaCl.However,total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents and key enzyme activities in the flavonoid pathway including phenylalanine ammonialyase(PAL)and Chalcone isomerase(CHI)decreased under salt stress.These findings possibly suggest that R.soongorica has an adaptation protection mechanism against salt-induced oxidative damage by inducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and maintaining a steady level of carotenoid/Chl.
Antioxidant enzyme activity,photosynthetic pigment content,and free malondialdehyde(MDA),as well as flavonoid content and the key enzyme activity in the flavonoid pathway were determined in two desert shrubs,Caryopteris mongolica Bunge and Reaumuria soongorica(Pall.)Maxim.under drought stress.The free MDA content was enhanced during the experimental period,which may be an indicator of oxidative stress.Superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)activities in C.mongholica showed a significant increase during the experiment,but catalase(CAT)activity was slightly decreased.On the other hand,POD and APX activities showed a significant increase and SOD and CAT activity data had no significant changes in R.soongorica.APX,SOD,and CAT activities were higher in R.soongorica than in C.mongholica,but MDA content was lower,indicating that the lower values of MDA were attributed to higher activities of antioxidant enzyme in R.soongorica.Chlorophyll content decreased significantly in the two shrubs during the experiment,which indicated that there was a photopro-tection mechanism through reducing light absorbance by decreasing pigments content.Caretonoids content increased in C.mongholica and decreased in R.soongorica.The ratio of Chla/Chlb decreased significantly but caretonoids/Chl revealed a sig-nificant increase in the two shrubs,which could be explained as no decrease of peripheral light-harvesting complexes and a higher tolerance to drought.Total flavonoid content and the activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase(PAL)and chalcone isomerase(CHI)showed different changes between C.mongholica and R.soongorica after treatment.These values decreased in R.soongorica and increased in C.mongholica except for PAL activity.However,anthocyanin content increased in the two shrubs,indicating that there was a different regulation response in the flavonoid pathway in the two shrubs under drought stress,and an-thocyanin should be an important antioxidant both in the shrubs.Our results demonstrated the different r
