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国家重点基础研究发展计划(2010CB950602)

作品数:31 被引量:477H指数:13
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相关机构:安徽农业大学北京大学内蒙古大学更多>>
发文基金:国家重点基础研究发展计划国家自然科学基金内蒙古自治区自然科学基金更多>>
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31 条 记 录,以下是 1-10
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模拟氮沉降对甜槠林分凋落物及主要养分归还量的影响被引量:5
2015年
选取亚热带典型的常绿阔叶甜槠林为研究对象,从2011年4月至2013年6月进行模拟氮(N)沉降试验,以探讨甜槠林凋落物养分归还量对N沉降的响应。氮沉降水平分别为:对照(CK,0 kg N hm-2a-1),低氮(LN,50 kg N hm-2a-1),高氮(HN,100 kg N hm-2a-1),高氮+磷(HN+P,100 kg N hm-2a-1+50 kg P hm-2a-1),每个处理重复3次。在模拟氮沉降2 a后,于2012年7月开始收集各样地的凋落物样品,分析凋落物及其养分归还量。结果表明:不同处理凋落物量没有显著差异,表明氮沉降增加没有显著提高林分凋落物产量;不同处理落叶、落枝中N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量均无显著差异,表明氮沉降亦没有显著增加凋落物各养分含量;模拟氮沉降处理均增加了各养分元素年归还量,但不同元素对N沉降的响应不同。N、K和Mg年归还量与CK存在显著差异,而P和Ca年归还量与CK处理无显著差异。
张林李茂徐俊田地张驰徐小牛
关键词:甜槠林凋落物归还量亚热带常绿阔叶林
新疆野生动植物物种丰富度的分布格局被引量:17
2011年
新疆野生动植物种类丰富,有野生维管束植物3637种、鸟类425种和哺乳动物154种。在广泛收集这些植物和动物分布资料的基础上,绘制了新疆动植物物种丰富度分布图,分析这些物种丰富度分布之间的关系,并得到物种丰富度分布的热点地区。新疆动植物丰富度北疆高于南疆,西部高于东部;阿尔泰山、天山西部和准噶尔西部山地是物种丰富度分布的热点地区。维管束植物、盐生植物、短命植物、特有植物和重点保护植物的丰富度之间、鸟类和哺乳动物与维管束植物的丰富度之间均为正相关关系。不同类群物种丰富度分布的热点地区不完全重叠:维管束植物丰富度的热点地区位于阿尔泰山西部、准噶尔西部山地和天山中西部;鸟类丰富度的热点地区可以延伸到天山西部南坡及天山东部的部分地区;哺乳动物的热点分布区较为集中,主要分布在阿尔泰山和天山西部。目前已建成的保护区涵盖了大部分的物种丰富度热点地区,但是沙湾-玛纳斯地区为保护空缺,需加强保护。
李利平尹林克唐志尧
关键词:哺乳动物鸟类维管束植物物种丰富度
新疆野生维管束植物物种丰富度分布格局的水热解释被引量:15
2011年
新疆地处中国干旱区,地形气候复杂,生境类型丰富多样,为研究极端条件下物种丰富度的分布格局及其成因提供了理想场所。利用新疆维管束植物丰富度数据和对应的气候数据,分析水热因子对新疆维管束植物物种丰富度的影响。结果表明:物种丰富度随年降水量和年实际蒸散量的增加单调递增,随年平均气温和年最大可能蒸散量的增加呈单峰型变化。在盆地和山地,物种丰富度随年降水的增加而显著增加;随着年平均气温的增加,物种丰富度在山地呈现出先增加后减小的单峰格局,在盆地中则仅呈现单调下降的趋势。在不同的水分亏缺水平,物种丰富度与年降水量的关系不一致,随着水分亏缺的增大,物种丰富度随年降水增加的速率减小;随着年平均气温的增加,物种丰富度在较低的水分亏缺时单调递增,在较高的水分亏缺时单调递减。
李利平努尔巴依.阿布都沙力克王少鹏王志恒唐志尧
关键词:年降水量年平均气温蒸散量水分亏缺维管束植物物种丰富度
亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物生产及季节动态对模拟氮沉降增加的响应被引量:17
2014年
通过野外模拟试验,研究了亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物量对氮沉降的初期响应。试验设计4种处理,分别为对照(CK)、低氮(LN,50kg·hm-2·a-1)、高氮(HN,100kg·hm-2·a-1)和高氮加磷(HN+P,100kgN·hm-2·a-1+50kgP·hm-2·a-1),每个处理重复3次。通过2年的试验观测,甜槠林对照林分年总凋落物量为7.78t·hm-2,经LN、HN、HN+P处理后,年总凋落物量分别为8.81、9.08、9.41t·hm-2,不同处理间没有显著差异,表明氮沉降增加没有显著提高凋落物产量,但高氮处理林分,叶凋落物量表现出抑制效果,低于低氮处理;高氮+磷处理的林分凋落物总量及落叶、落枝量均明显高于高氮、低氮处理,磷添加呈现凋落物量增加的效应。甜槠林分总凋落物量表现出明显的季节动态,在春季4_5月以及秋季11月出现2个明显的峰值,不同处理趋势一致。凋落物组成中,落叶的比例占总凋落物量的53.78%-58.84%,花果杂物占28.29%~33.66%,落枝占10.79%~12.87%。研究表明,高氮处理可能引起了土壤氮素过剩,造成氮、磷失衡。
张驰张林李鹏施文涛徐小牛
关键词:凋落物氮沉降常绿阔叶林
Road effects on vegetation composition in a saline environment被引量:2
2012年
Aims Road effects from maintenance and traffic have the potential to alter plant communities,but the exact relationships between these effects and changes in plant community composition have not often been studied in diverse environments.To determine the direction and level of community composition changes in saline environment due to road effects,we conducted a study along roads of different ages and in nearby non-road(i.e.natural)areas in the Yellow River Delta,China.Additionally,to potentially elucidate the mechanisms underlying the changes in the richness and composition of plant communities along roads,we evaluated physiochemical changes in soil of roadside and non-road areas.Methods Floristic and environmental data were collected along roadside of different ages and nearby non-road areas.To evaluate plant communities at each site,six 2 m 32 m quadrats were placed at 3-m intervals along roads and six quadrats were arranged randomly in non-road areas.To determine the difference in plant community composition betweenroadside andnon-road areas,wemeasuredspecies richness and the abundance of each species,examined species turnover and floristic dissimilarity between the two areas and positioned plant species and sites in an abstract multivariate space.Plant community(species richness,percentage of halophytes)and soil physicochemical properties(pH,salinity,moisture content,bulk density,nitrate and ammonium nitrogen concentration)were compared between roadside and non-road areas(young roadside vs.corresponding non-road areas,old roadside vs.corresponding non-road areas)by using t-tests.Classification and ordination techniques were used to examine the relationship between vegetation and related environmental variables in both roadside and non-road areas.Important Findings For both the young and old roadside areas,species richness in roadside areas was significantly higher than in non-road areas and high floristic dissimilarity values indicated that roadside and non-road areas differed greatly in community compositio
Sheng-Lan ZengTing-Ting ZhangYu GaoBo LiChang-Ming FangS.Luke FloryBin Zhao
关键词:SALINIZATION
1965—2011年河北塞罕坝地区降水量变化规律的小波分析被引量:8
2012年
采用Morlet复小波函数对河北省塞罕坝地区1965—2011年降水变化规律进行了小波分析,揭示了塞罕坝地区降水变化的多时间尺度特征。结果表明,47年来该地区月降水量、年降水量与生长季降水量距平值变化主要表现在两种尺度上:一种是4年左右的年际尺度振荡,这是经过高频滤波后的年际变化中的低频部分;另一种是18年左右时间尺度的年代际振荡。由于塞罕坝地区生长季降水平均占年降水量的83.1%,通常二者的变化趋势相同,但也不完全一致。由典型尺度小波系数过程线图可预测,2012—2015年塞罕坝地区的降水量仍然偏多,但距平值会减少。
任艳林
关键词:降水量多时间尺度小波分析MORLET小波
降水变化对樟子松人工林土壤无机氮和净氮矿化速率的影响被引量:22
2012年
在北京大学地球环境与生态系统塞罕坝实验站的樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)人工林内,采用野外降水控制实验和顶盖埋管法,在生长季内分0~5,5~10,10~20和20~30 cm 4层,研究穿透雨增加或减少30%对土壤无机氮(铵态氮与硝态氮之和)及净氮矿化速率的影响。结果表明,樟子松人工林地下0~30 cm无机氮含量为6.70±2.31 mg/kg,其中铵态氮5.59±1.78 mg/kg,硝态氮1.11±0.77 mg/kg。不同土壤深度的无机氮含量无显著差异,3种穿透雨处理间的土壤铵态氮和无机氮含量无显著差异,增雨处理的硝态氮含量显著低于对照。0~30 cm的土壤净氮矿化速率为0.24(6.65~10.24)mg/(kg 30d)。穿透雨处理和土壤深度对净氨化速率无显著影响,0~5 cm的净硝化速率和净氮矿化速率显著高于其余3层,增雨和减雨处理的净硝化速率和净氮矿化速率显著高于对照。研究结果说明降水变化对土壤铵态氮及氨化作用的影响弱于对硝态氮及硝化作用的影响,这有助于更准确地评估降水变化对人工林生态系统服务功能和氮素生物地球化学循环过程的影响。
任艳林
关键词:氮矿化降水变化土壤深度
降水变化对樟子松人工林土壤呼吸速率及其表观温度敏感性Q_(10)的影响被引量:8
2012年
为了研究降水变化对土壤呼吸及其温度敏感性的影响,在北京大学地球环境与生态系统塞罕坝实验站的樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)人工林中进行了降水控制实验,用减雨30%、增雨30%和对照3种穿透雨处理来模拟长期的降水变化情景。重复测量方差分析结果表明,3种穿透雨处理总体上对生长季土壤呼吸速率及其表观温度敏感性Q10无显著影响(p>0.05)。配对t检验多重比较结果则显示,土壤呼吸速率平均值大小为对照<减雨30%<增雨30%,增雨处理的土壤呼吸速率显著高于对照(p<0.001),对照和减雨处理之间无显著差异(p>0.05);土壤呼吸表观Q10平均值大小为减雨30%<对照<增雨30%,随着降水量增加,表观Q10逐渐增大,但处理间差异在统计上并不显著(p>0.05)。研究结果意味着降水量减少30%可能对森林土壤呼吸的限制较小,而降水量增加30%则可能显著地增加土壤呼吸CO2释放量。
任艳林杜恩在
关键词:土壤呼吸速率降水变化
Effect of intensity and duration of freezing on soil microbial biomass,extractable C and N pools,and N2O and CO2 emissions from forest soils in cold temperate region被引量:2
2016年
Freezing can increase the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and the release of labile car- bon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools into the soil. However, there is limited knowledge about how both emissions respond differ- ently to soil freezing and their relationships to soil properties. We evaluated the effect of intensity and duration of freezing on the emissions of CO2 and N2O, net N mineralization, microbial biomass, and extractable C and N pools in soils from a mature broadleaf and Korean pine mixed forest and an adjacent secondary white birch forest in northeastern China. These soils had different contents of microbial biomass and bulk density. Intact soil cores of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm depth sampled from the two temperate forest floors were subjected to -8, -18, and -80℃ freezing treatments for a short (10 d) and long (145 d) duration, and then respectively incubated at 10~C for 21 d. Soil cores, incubated at 10℃ for 21 d without a pretreatment of freezing, served as control. Emissions of N20 and COz after thaw varied with forest type, soil depth, and freezing treatment. The differ- ence could be induced by the soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) during incubation and availability of substrates for N20 and CO2 production, which are released by freezing. A maximum N2O emission following thawing of frozen soils was observed at approximately 80% WFPS, whereas CO2 emission from soils after thaw significantly increased with increasing WFPS. The soil dissolved organic C just after freezing treatment and CO2 emission increased with increase of freezing duration, which paralleled with a decrease in soil microbial biomass C. The cumulative net N mineralization and net ammonification after freezing treatment as well as N2O emission were significantly affected by freezing temperature. The N2O emission was nega- tively correlated to soil pH and bulk density, but positively correlated to soil KzSO4-extractable NO3 -N content and net am- monification. The CO2 emission was pos
XU XingKaiDUAN CunTaoWU HaoHaoLI TuanShengCHENG WeiGuo
关键词:FREEZE-THAW
Altitudinal patterns of stand structure and herb layer diversity of Picea schrenkiana forests in the central Tianshan Mountains,Northwest China被引量:3
2011年
Altitude is a useful indicator to examine patterns of forest structure and species diversity in relation to environmental factors.In this study,the altitude patterns of forest stand structure and species diversity were analyzed across 20 plots in the Tianchi Nature Reserve,Northwest China.The results showed that mean stem height(Hm),maximum stem height(Hmax) and mean stem diameter at breast height(Dm) of Picea schrenkiana trees all decreased significantly with increasing altitude.Potential tree height(H*) decreased while stem taper increased significantly as altitude increased,suggesting remarkable altitudinal changes in biomass allocation between the diameter and height growth of Picea schrenkiana.Understory herbaceous richness increased significantly with increasing altitude,or with decreasing total basal area(TBA),Hm and stand volume(Volume).High light availability for understory herbs might account for the higher species richness at high altitude.Sorensen Index decreased significantly with the increase in altitude intervals,while the Cody Index demonstrated a converse pattern,suggesting greater differences in species composition with larger distances.
LiPing LIXiangPing WANGStefan ZERBELiYun ZHANGJingYun FANG
关键词:ALLOMETRYXINJIANG
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