An ultrasonic sensitivity-improved fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer(FPI) is proposed and employed for ultrasonic imaging of seismic physical models(SPMs). The FPI comprises a flexible ultra-thin gold film and the end face of a graded-index multimode fiber(MMF), both of which are enclosed in a ceramic tube. The MMF in a specified length can collimate the diverged light beam and compensate for the light loss inside the air cavity, leading to an increased spectral fringe visibility and thus a steeper spectral slope. By using the spectral sideband filtering technique, the collimated FPI shows an improved ultrasonic response. Moreover, two-dimensional images of two SPMs are achieved in air by reconstructing the pulse-echo signals through using the time-of-flight approach. The proposed sensor with easy fabrication and compact size can be a good candidate for high-sensitivity and high-precision nondestructive testing of SPMs.
A Fourier analysis applied to the Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI) transmission spectrum for simultaneous refractive index(RI) and temperature measurements is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this Letter. In the fast Fourier transform(FFT) spectrum of the MZI transmission spectrum, several frequency components are generally observed, which means that the transmission spectrum of the MZI is formed by the superposition of some dual-mode interference(DMI) spectra, and each frequency component represents different core-cladding interferences. We can select some dominant frequency components in the FFT spectrum of the MZI transmission spectrum to take the inverse FFT(IFFT). Then, the corresponding DMI patterns can be obtained. Due to the shift of the wavelength of these DMI spectra with changes in the environmental parameters,we can use the coefficient matrix of these DMI spectra for multi-parameter sensing. In this Letter, two DMI patterns are separated from the resultant transmission spectrum of the MZI. As the RI and temperature change,the shifts of the two DMI patterns with respect to the RI and temperature will be observed. The sensitivities of the RI and temperature are-137.1806 nm∕RIU(RI unit) and 0.0860 nm∕°C, and-22.9955 nm∕RIU and0.0610 nm∕°C for the two DMIs. Accordingly, it can be used to simultaneously measure RI and temperature changes. The approach can eliminate the influence of multiple interferences and improve the accuracy of the sensor.
