OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of five-element music therapy on elderly patients with seasonal affective disorder in a Chinese nursing home.METHODS: The patients(n=50) were recruited from a Shijingshan district nursing home in Beijing,China. They were randomly assigned to two groups, a treatment group and a control group,with 25 participants in each group. The patients received music therapy for 1-2 h each week over an8-week period. The music therapy involved four phases: introduction, activities, listening to the Chinese five-element music, and a concluding phase.The participants in the control group did not listen to the five-element music. This study consisted of two parts:(a) a qualitative study that used focus groups to understand the feelings of the patients with seasonal affective disorder;(b) a quantitative study that involved administration of the self-rating depression scale(SDS) and Hamilton depression scale(HAMD) before and after treatment.RESULTS:(a) Qualitative analysis results: strength derived from the five-element group music therapy and emotional adjustment. The five-element group music therapy can reduce patients' psychological distress and let them feel inner peace and enhance their life satisfaction.(b) No significant difference in SDS and HAMD scores was found between the two groups(P>0.05) prior to treatment. After treatment,the mean SDS score of the control group was 49.9±18.8, while the treatment group's score was 40.2±18.1. The HAMD score of the control group was11.2±3.1, and the treatment group's score was 8.8±4.9. Following 8 weeks of music therapy, the SDS and HAMD scores of the treatment group were significantly lower than those for the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Five-element music therapy alleviated the symptoms of seasonal affective disorder in the elderly patients.
A prototype of hybrid neural recording interface has been developed for extracellular neural recording.It consists of a silicon-based plane microelectrode array and a CMOS low noise neural amplifier chip.The neural amplifier chip is designed and implemented in 0.18 m N-well CMOS 1P6M technology.The area of the neural preamplifier is only 0.042 mm2with a gain of 48.3 dB.The input equivalent noise is 4.73μ Vrms within pass bands of 4 kHz.To avoid cable tethering for high dense multichannel neural recording interface and make it compact,flip-chip bonding is used to integrate the preamplifier chip and the microelectrode together.The hybrid device measures 3 mm×5.5 mm×330μm,which is convenient for implant or in-vivo neural recording.The hybrid device was testified in in-vivo experiment.Neural signals were recorded from hippocampus region of anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats successfully.
HAN JianQiangZHANG XuPEI WeiHuaGUI QiangLIU MingCHEN HongDa
Far-¯eld°uorescence microscopy has made great progress in the spatial resolution,limited by light diffraction,since the super-resolution imaging technology appeared.And stimulated emission depletion(STED)microscopy and structured illumination microscopy(SIM)can be grouped into one class of the super-resolution imaging technology,which use pattern illumination strategy to circumvent the di®raction limit.We simulated the images of the beads of SIM imaging,the intensity distribution of STED excitation light and depletion light in order to observe effects of the polarized light on imaging quality.Compared to¯xed linear polarization,circularly polarized light is more suitable for SIM on reconstructed image.And right-handed circular polarization(CP)light is more appropriate for both the excitation and depletion light in STED system.Therefore the right-handed CP light would be the best candidate when the SIM and STED are combined into one microscope.Good understanding of the polarization will provide a reference for the patterned illumination experiment to achieve better resolution and better image quality.
Caimin QiuJianling ChenZexian HouChaoxian XuShusen XieHongqin Yang
Premium ratemaking is an important issue to guarantee insurance balance of payments. Most ratemaking methods require large samples of long-term loss data or farm-level yield data, which are often unavailable in developing countries. This study develops a crop insurance ratemaking method with survey data. The method involves a questionnaire survey on characteristic yield information(average yield, high yield, and low yield) of farming households’ cropland. After compensating for random error, the probability distributions of farm-level yields are simulated with characteristic yields based on the linear additive model. The premium rate is calculated based on Monte Carlo yield simulation results. This method was applied to Dingxing County, North China to arrive at the insurance loss cost ratio and calculate the necessary premium rate. The method proposed in this study could serve as a feasible technique for crop insurance ratemaking inregions that lack sufficient long-term yield data, especially in developing countries with smallholder agriculture.
Xingming ZhangWeixia YinJun WangTao YeJintao ZhaoJing’ai Wang
Clonorchiasis,caused by Clonorchis sinensis(C.sinensis),is an important food-borne parasitic disease and one of the most common zoonoses.Currently,it is estimated that more than 200 million people are at risk of C.sinensis infection,and over 15 million are infected worldwide.C.sinensis infection is closely related to cholangiocarcinoma(CCA),fibrosis and other human hepatobiliary diseases;thus,clonorchiasis is a serious public health problem in endemic areas.This article reviews the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology,disease burden and treatment of clonorchiasis as well as summarizes the techniques for detecting C.sinensis infection in humans and intermediate hosts and vaccine development against clonorchiasis.Newer data regarding the pathogenesis of clonorchiasis and the genome,transcriptome and secretome of C.sinensis are collected,thus providing perspectives for future studies.These advances in research will aid the development of innovative strategies for the prevention and control of clonorchiasis.
As a new technology of analyzing crude oils,comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC×GCTOFMS) has received much research attention.Here we present a case study in the Junggar Basin of NW China.Results show that the hydrocarbons,including saturates and aromatics,were all well-separated without large coelution,which cannot be realized by conventional one-dimensional GC-MS.The GC×GC technique is especially effective for analyzing aromatics and low-to-middlemolecular-weight hydrocarbons,such as diamondoids.The geochemical characteristics of crude oils in the study area were investigated through geochemical parameters extracted by GC×GC-TOFMS,improving upon the understanding obtained by GC-MS.Thus,the work here represents a new successful application of GC×GCTOFMS,showing its broad usefulness in petroleum geochemistry.
