In this paper,the relative phase relationship between flare index and sunspot activity(sunspot numbers and sunspot areas) is investigated.It is found that(i) the flare index and sunspot activity are asynchronous in phase space at all period scales,and the former lags behind the latter,which implies our results are supported for the integral response model;(ii) their diferent definitions and physical meanings may be a major reason for their phase asynchrony between them,and the solar flare activity favor to be related to the magnetic complex rather than magnetic strength.
An exact de Sitter solution of scalar-tensor gravity is found in our recent work,in which the non-minimal coupling scalar is rolling along a non-constant potential.Based on this solution,a dust-filled FRW universe is explored in frame of scalar-tensor gravity in this article.The efective dark energy induced by the sole non-minimal scalar can be quintessence-like,phantom-like,and more significantly,can cross the phantom divide.The rich and varied properties of scalar-tensor gravity even with only one scalar is shown.
