[Objective] The study aimed at analyzing Genetic Differentiation of Cervinae. [Method] The complete mitochondrial DNA control region of five species of Cervinae was determined by direct DNA sequencing. Homologous sequences of others Cervinae were gained from GenBank, and then analyzed through biology software. [Result] The lengths of their control region were 921-1 072 bp, the nucleotide content of T, A, C, and G was 32.1%, 30.2%, 22.7% and 15.0% separately. Genetic distance of each species ranged from 0.062-0.106, which belonged to level of inter-genus. The molecular phylogenetic tree indicated that red deer, skia deer and White-lipped Deer had close relationship, and they constituted one branch with sambar deer. Eld＇s deer and elk deer constituted the second branch, and hog deer constituted the third branch alone. [Conclusion] Hog deer and fallow deer should be incorporated in Cervus, divergence time is about 1.55-2.60 million years among Cervinae in China.
