The catalytic synthesis of cyclic carbonates via the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides is a standard methodology for CO2 fixation.For this purpose,chiral basket-handle porphyrin-Co complexes were devised,prepared,and fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance,mass spectrometry,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,and specific rotation.The proposed metalloporphyrin catalysts were synthesized with either 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol or L-phenylalanine,which have different chirality,and then applied to the coupling of propylene oxide and CO2 for generating chiral cyclic carbonates with good enantioselectivity under extremely mild conditions in the presence of tetrabutyl ammonium chloride as a co-catalyst.The good enantioselectivity in the cycloaddition reaction is attributed to a synergistic interplay between the chiral porphyrin catalysts and the substrate.The mechanism and enantioselectivity of the asymmetric cycloaddition reaction is discussed.
在反应釜中考察了几种金属氧化物催化尿素与苯酚反应合成水杨酰胺的活性,并对催化活性较高的ZnO和CaO的催化机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明,ZnO和CaO都具有较高的催化能力,这是因为两者都有利于尿素热分解形成活性中间体异氰酸。ZnO能与异氰酸配位使其活化,高效合成水杨酰胺;CaO能稳定苯酚中的苯氧负离子,高效地活化苯酚。ZnO是该合成反应均相催化剂的前体,CaO是该反应的多相催化剂。在相同反应条件下,ZnO的催化活性高于CaO。研究ZnO与CaO混合物的催化效果发现,二者的混合物能同时活化两个反应物从而起到协同作用,达到最佳的催化效果。以0.10 g ZnO和0.10 g CaO的混合物为催化剂,在反应温度240℃、反应时间12 h、尿素用量6 g、苯酚用量94 g的条件下,水杨酰胺的收率为54.3%。
