A high-current vacuum arc (HCVA) with the consideration of anode vapor is mod-eled and simulated. First, from the HCVA column model, the heat flux density to the anode is obtained, which is put into the anode activity model, and the parameter distributions (such as the vapor temperature and velocity) of anode vapor are obtained from the simulation results of the anode activity model. Then, by iterating and calculating the HCVA column model and anode activity model, the interaction between the HCVA column and the anode vapor is simulated and analyzed. In the simulation, the distribution of the axial magnetic field (AMF) generated by the electrode system is calculated by software ANSYS. The simulation results show that the influence of anode vapor on the parameter distributions in the arc column is significant. The simulation results are also compared with the vacuum arc photograph.
在真空开关的开断过程中,外部母线和导电杆所形成的"U"型回路会在极间电弧区域产生横向磁场(transverse magnetic field,TMF)。横向磁场的存在会影响真空开关的开断性能,通过仿真对这一影响进行了初步的探索。基于真空电弧二维磁流体动力学模型及阳极熔化凝固模型,大电流真空电弧(high current vacuum arc,HCVA)在TMF和电极系统自生纵向磁场共同作用下的电弧参数分布及阳极温度分布得到了揭示。仿真结果中,HCVA在TMF的影响下会产生明显的偏移,并且各项参数都有所变化;阳极温度分布也会产生同样的偏移,最终使得阳极熔化也发生偏移。这些变化会对真空开关的开断产生不利影响,特别是离子密度的增大使得电流过零时极间残留等离子体增多,降低开关的开断性能。
In this paper,based on the quasi-stationary magneto-hydrodynamic(MHD) model,vacuum arc characteristics are simulated and analyzed at different moments under power-frequency current.For a vacuum arc with sinusoidal current under a uniform axial magnetic field(AMF),simulation results show that at the moment of peak value current,maximal values appear in the ion number density,axial current density,heat flux density,electron temperature,plasma pressure and azimuthal magnetic field.At the same time,the distributions of these parameters along the radial position are mostly nonuniform as compared with those at other moments.In the first 1/4 cycle,the ion number density,axial current density and plasma pressure increase with time,but the growth rate decreases with time.Simulation results are partially compared with experimental results published in other papers.Simulations and experimental results both show that the arc light intensity near the cathode side is stronger than that near the anode side for diffusing vacuum arcs.
