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国家自然科学基金(32070207)

作品数:6 被引量:31H指数:4
相关作者:舒德干王坤更多>>
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A paleontological perspective of vertebrate origin被引量:12
2003年
The Early Cambrian Haikouichthys and Haikouella have been claimed to be related to contribute in an important way to our understanding of vertebrate origin, but there have been heated debates about how exactly they are to be interpreted. New discoveries of numerous speci-mens of Haikouichthys not only confirm the identity of pre-viously described structures such as the dorsal and the ven-tral fins, and chevron-shaped myomeres, but also reveal many new important characteristics, including sensory or-gans of the head (e.g. large eyes), and a prominent notochord with differentiated vertebral elements. This 揻irst fish?ap-pears, however, to retain primitive reproductive features of acraniates, suggesting that it is a stem-group craniates. A new order (Myllokunmingiida) and a new family (Myllo-kunmingiidae) are erected, and a new species, Zhongjianich-thys rostratus (gen. et sp. nov.), is described herein. Over 1400 newly-discovered specimens of Haikouella provide a wealth of anatomical information on this organism. It differs from chordates in many organs and organ systems, including the skin, muscles, respiratory, circulatory and nervous sys-tems. In contrast, its body-design resembles that of vetuli-colians, and the presence of a 搕ransitional?nervous system with both dorsal and ventral nerve cords suggests an affinity with living hemichordates. On the basis of these and other recent findings of fossil deuterostomes, a five-step hypothesis for vertebrate origin is proposed, intended to bridge the long- standing gap between protostomes and vertebrates. Four of the five steps accord with established ideas current in modern evolutionary zoology. Evidence for the first step is obtainable only from fossils, and specifically from fossils found from South China, hence the crucial importance of S. China sites for our understanding of early vertebrate origins and evolution. Accordingly, South China is suggested as the oldest-known birthplace of the whole vertebrates.
SHU Degan Early Life Institute & Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi抋n, 710069, China
关键词:脊椎动物动物起源寒武纪
Molecular studies of cellulose synthase supercomplex from cotton fiber reveal its unique biochemical properties被引量:4
2022年
Cotton fiber is a highly elongated and thickened single cell that produces large quantities of cellulose,which is synthesized and assembled into cell wall microfibrils by the cellulose synthase complex(CSC).In this study,we report that in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)fibers harvested during secondary cell wall(SCW)synthesis,GhCesA 4,7,and 8 assembled into heteromers in a previously uncharacterized 36-mer-like cellulose synthase supercomplex(CSS).This super CSC was observed in samples prepared using cotton fiber cells harvested during the SCW synthesis period but not from cotton stem tissue or any samples obtained from Arabidopsis.Knock-out of any of GhCesA 4,7,and 8 resulted in the disappearance of the CSS and the production of fiber cells with no SCW thickening.Cotton fiber CSS showed significantly higher enzyme activity than samples prepared from knock-out cotton lines.We found that the microfibrils from the SCW of wild-type cotton fibers may contain 72 glucan chains in a bundle,unlike other plant materials studied.GhCesA4,7,and 8 restored both the dwarf and reduced vascular bundle phenotypes of their orthologous Arabidopsis mutants,potentially by reforming the CSC hexamers.Genetic complementation was not observed when non-orthologous CesA genes were used,indicating that each of the three subunits is indispensable for CSC formation and for full cellulose synthase function.Characterization of cotton CSS will increase our understanding of the regulation of SCW biosynthesis.
Xingpeng WenYufeng ZhaiLi ZhangYanjun ChenZhiyuan ZhuGang ChenKun WangYuxian Zhu
脊椎动物实证起源被引量:7
2003年
早寒武世海口鱼和海口虫的发现涉及到脊椎动物起源这一重大论题, 近年来引起了热烈的讨论. 大量海口鱼新材料不仅证实了原先认识到的背鳍、腹鳍、“之”字形肌节等重要性状, 而且还揭示出原始脊椎和头部感官两类关键性特征; 这种仍保留无头类原始生殖器官特征的脊椎动物很可能就是有头类始祖. 在无颚纲中建立了1个新目昆明鱼目和新科昆明鱼科, 描述了一个新属种长吻钟健鱼. 新发现的1400余枚海口虫标本提供的多方位解剖学信息显示, 其皮肤、肌肉、呼吸、循环等器官系统与脊索动物明显不同, 相反, 其躯体构型与古虫类相近, 而兼有背、腹神经索的“过渡型”神经系统, 与半索动物相一致. 基于一系列最早期后口动物新发现, 本文提出的脊椎动物起源分“五步走”的假说, 在原口动物与脊椎动物之间架起了一座演化桥梁, 其中后四步与现代动物谱系分析的“四步走”假说相一致, 更增添了关键性的第一步; 于是, 华南便应该是世界上脊椎动物已知最早的发祥地.
舒德干
关键词:脊椎动物
Preliminary notes on soft-bodied fossil concentrations from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang deposits被引量:8
2006年
The efforts of labor-intensive collecting in the Early Cambrian Chengjiang deposits in eastern Yunnan Province, China led to the discovery of many horizons containing exceptionally well preserved soft-bodied fossil concentrations, many of which can be assigned to either monospecific concentrations or paucispecific concentrations. The features of these fossil concentrations support the hypothesis that frequent storm events producing tempestites mainly contributed to the preservation of abundant soft- bodied fossils in the Chengjiang deposits, and indi- cate that the balance of the ecological web in this region was probably frequently destroyed or upset by such storm events during that geological time. Ani- mals in a fossil assemblage in such fossil concentra- tions probably occupied similar ecological biotopes.
HAN JianSHU DeganZHANG ZhifeiLIU JianniZHANG XingliangYAO Yang
关键词:早寒武纪SFC化石蛋
武汉大学棉花功能基因组学研究的回溯与展望
2022年
棉花是我国乃至全世界最重要的经济作物之一.作为一种优良的天然纤维,棉花纤维被广泛应用于纺织和其他工业,占全世界纤维年均需求量的35%[1].全球有80多个国家种植棉花,150多个国家从事棉花进出口贸易,年均产值高达近5000亿美元.我国的棉花年产量约600万吨,占世界棉花产量的20%.
王坤朱玉贤
关键词:棉花纤维棉花产量功能基因组学天然纤维经济作物
Pediculate Brachiopod Diandongia pista from the Lower Cambrian of South China被引量:10
2003年
The Chengjiang Lagerstatte has been celebrated for prolific soft-bodied fossils. Based on specimens recently excavated in the Chengjiang Lagerstatte by the Early Life Institute, Northwest University, Diandongia pista Rong, 1974, is directly revealed to be a pediculate brachiopod, assigned to the Family Botsfordiidae, as is further confirmed by the exceptionally preserved vascular system including dorsal and ventral mantle canals. These specimens described herein exhibit some peculiarities, notably the extremely thin and long pedicles, which suggest that Diandongia is epifaunal rather than burrowing brachiopod. A study of this group of animals indicates that they may be vital to understand the relationship between the lingulids and the remaining brachiopods, and the character evolution of the early Cambrian brachiopods.
ZHANG Zhifei, HAN Jian, ZHANG Xingliang, LIU Jianni and SHU DeganEarly Life Institute and Key Laboratory for Continental Dynamics of the Ministry of Education,Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069
关键词:CAMBRIAN
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