目的：探讨合同制护士的职业获益情况，为其职业的稳定发展提供依据。方法参考美国首席护士理事会对护士职业益处的调查和Dibert等1994年自行研制的带教护士获益与回报感量表自行设计问卷，对合同制护士和正式在编护士进行问卷调查。结果合同制护士的职业获益感低于正式在编护士的职业获益感（ P＜0.05）；文化程度为大专的合同制护士的职业获益感得分与中专、本科的护士比较均有差异（均P＜0.05），正式在编护士的职业获益感年龄20～30岁的护士与年龄31～40岁和41～50岁的护士比较均有差异（均P＜0.05）；正式在编护士、合同制护士的职业获益感得分内科护士低于外科护士（ P ＜0.05）。结论护理工作的性质决定着护士的职业获益感，护士的职业获益感来源多种多样，影响因素也多种多样。护理管理者应对合同制护士职业稳定提供干预。
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis.Vaccination is the most efficient means to prevent and control brucellosis.The current licensed attenuated vaccines for animal use were developed by sequential passage in nonnatural hosts that decreased virulence in its original hosts.The attenuation mechanism of these strains remains largely unknown.In the present study,we sequenced the genome of Brucella melitensis vaccine strain M5-10.Sequence analysis showed that a large number of genetic changes occurred in the vaccine strains.A total of 2854 genetic polymorphic sites,including 2548 SNP,241 INDEL and 65 MNV were identified.Of the 2074 SNPs in coding regions,1310(63.2%)were non-synonymous SNPs.Gene number,percent and N/S ratios were disproportionally distributed among the cog categories.Genetic polymorphic sites were identified in genes of the virB operon,flagella synthesis,and virulence regulating systems.These data indicate that changes in some cog categories and virulence genes might result in the attenuation.These attenuation mechanisms also have implications for screening and development of new vaccine strains.The genetic changes in the genome represent candidate sites for differential diagnosis between these vaccine strains and other virulence ones.Transcription analysis of virulence genes showed that expression of dnaK,vjbR were reduced in M5-10 strain when compared with that in 16M.A duplex PCR targeting virB6 and dnaK was successfully used to differentiate between M5-10 and the virulent 16M strain.The genome re-sequencing technique represents a strong strategy not only for evaluation of vaccines,but also for development of new vaccines.
