The extraction behaviors of zinc from ammoniacal solutions were investigated using β-diketone （HA） and their mixtures with CYANEX923 or LIX84I. The effects of pH, total ammonia concentration, extractant concentration, anion species and temperature on zinc extraction were examined. The synergistic mechanism was discussed with regard to the structure of extractant and the extracted zinc complexes. It is found that the increase of total ammonia concentration and pH inhibits zinc extraction for all extraction systems due to the formation of zinc ammine complexes in aqueous phase. This effect of HA with CYANEX923 is evidently smaller than that of HA with LIX84I or HA alone system. Effect of anion species on the zinc extraction by HA with CYANEX923 can be neglected, but this effect of HA alone and the mixture of HA with LIX84I decreases in the order of （NH4）2SO4 〉 NH4NO3 〉 NH4Cl.
A new combination method consisting of ball milling, carbothermic reduction and hydrochloric acid leaching was proposed for the preparation of nanosized synthetic rutile from natural ilmenite. The ball milling was employed to grind ilmenite into small particles. The carbothermic reduction was carried out to yield a high titanium slag, which would be easily purified by subsequent leaching procedure. Factors affecting the hydrochloric acid process, namely the leaching time, temperature, and acid concentration, were studied. After leaching and calcining the milled and annealed mixture of FeTiO3/C under the optimal conditions, the TiO2 nanoparticles with size of 10-200 nm and purity〉98.0% were obtained.
Cubic （Zn,Li）TiO3 powders were synthesized through a modified sol-gel route including the Pechini process via a three-step heat treatment.The as-synthesized （Zn,Li）TiO3 could be stable up to 1000 °C.The dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent of all the synthesized （Zn,Li）TiO3 samples at different measurement frequencies showed the similar tendency.At the same frequency,the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss tangent of （Zn,Li）TiO3 samples decreased and increased,respectively,with the lithium doping content increase.The as-prepared （Zn,Li）TiO3 showed improved microwave dielectric properties,and its maximum value of quality factor could reach 34000 GHz.
The solvent extraction of copper from simulated ammoniacal spent etchant with 1-（4＇-dodecyl）-phenyl-3-tertiary butyl-1,3-octadione（HR） was studied,and a model of extraction isotherm was proposed and verified with equilibrium extraction constant.The influence of equilibration time,extractant concentration and phase ratio on the extraction of copper was studied at（298±0.5） K.For the spent etching solutions containing 112.98 g/L Cu,6 mol/L NH3 and 1 mol/L NH4＋,the optimal solvent extraction condition of copper was obtained in one-stage solvent extraction at phase ratio of 5：4 with 40% HR in sulphonated kerosene for 5 min.The copper concentration in the raffinate decreased to 63.24 g/L and raffinate can be favorably recycled to the etching solution.The stripping studies were carried out with the simulated copper spent electrolyte containing 30 g/L Cu and 180 g/L H2SO4.The stripping ratio is 98.27% from the loaded organic phase after one-stage stripping at phase ratio of 1：2 at（298±0.5） K.
