Nonlinear quantum metrology may exhibit better precision scalings. For example, the uncertainty of an estimated phase may scale as ??∝1/(N^2) under quadratic phase accumulation, which is 1/N times smaller than the linear counterpart, where N is probe number. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the nonlinear quantum metrology by using a spin-I(I > 1/2) nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) ensemble that can be mapped into a system of N=2I spin-1/2 particles and the quadratic interaction can be utilized for the quadratic phase accumulation. Our experimental results show that the phase uncertainty can scale as ??∝1/(N^2-1)by optimizing the input states, when N is an odd number. In addition, the interferometric measurement with quadratic interaction provides a new way for estimating the quadrupolar coupling strength in an NMR system. Our system may be further extended to exotic nonlinear quantum metrology with higher order many-body interactions.
Xinfang NieJiahao HuangZhaokai LiWenqiang ZhengChaohong LeeXinhua PengJiangfeng Du
In order to obtain a single-host white-light phosphor, a series of KCaP O4 powder samples tri-doped with Eu2+, Tb3+ and Mn2+ were synthesized via high-temperature solid-state reaction method. Their structural and luminescence properties were investigated. Under proper ultraviolet excitation(255–405 nm), white light was obtained, consisting of blue, green and red emissions stemming from Eu2+, Tb3+, Mn2+ ions respectively. The temperature stability of our sample was analyzed by studying the variation tendency of CIE chromaticity coordinates at different temperatures. The results indicated that this phosphor could yield good color stability when utilized in WLED.
Yb^(3+)-Er^(3+) co-doped K_2GdF_5 up-conversion phosphor was successfully synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. The phase purity and structure of the sample were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction. The sample emitted orange light at room temperature and its up-conversion spectra at different temperatures were recorded under the excitation of a 980 nm diode laser. The energy transfer from Yb^(3+) to Er^(3+) notably enhanced the up-conversion luminescence intensity. The possible up-conversion mechanisms and processes were proposed based on the power dependence of the luminescence intensities. The temperature-dependent up-conversion luminescence and temperature sensing performances of the sample were discussed according to the fluorescence intensity ratio of green emissions originating from ~2H_(11/2)/~4S_(3/2)→~4I_(15/2) transitions of Er^(3+) in the range from 307 K to 570 K under the excitation of 980 nm laser with power of 260 mW. The dependence of the fluorescence intensity ratio on temperature was fitted with an exponential function and the effective energy difference obtained was 690 cm^(–1), which further gave a relative temperature sensitivity of 1.1%/K at 307 K. The results suggested that the Yb^(3+)-Er^(3+) co-doped K_2GdF_5 sample is a promising candidate for optical temperature sensor.
Nanowire coordination polymer cobalt–terephthalonitrile(Co-BDCN) was successfully synthesized using a simple solvothermal method and applied as anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs). A reversible capacity of 1132 mAh g^(-1) was retained after 100 cycles at a rate of 100 mAg^(-1), which should be one of the best LIBs performances among metal organic frameworks and coordination polymers-based anode materials at such a rate. On the basis of the comprehensive structural and morphology characterizations including fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,~1 H NMR,^(13)C NMR, and scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrated that the great electrochemical performance of the as-synthesized Co-BDCN coordination polymer can be attributed to the synergistic effect of metal centers and organic ligands, as well as the stability of the nanowire morphology during cycling.
Peng WangXiaobing LouChao LiXiaoshi HuQi YangBingwen Hu
Tb^(3+)/Eu^(3+) co-doped transparent glass ceramics containing CaF_2 nanocrystals were successfully synthesized by high temperature melt-quenching method and subsequent heating. The structure and morphology of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmittance electron microscopy(TEM), high resolution TEM(HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction(SAED). The photoluminescence properties and energy transfer process from Tb^(3+) to Eu^(3+) of CaF_2:Tb^(3+),Eu^(3+) phosphors were also investigated through excitation spectra and decay curves. In addition, the emission spectra of the glass ceramics in a wide temperature range from 21 to 320 K were recorded under the excitation of 485 nm. It was found that the fluorescence intensity ratios of Tb^(3+) at 545 nm(~5D_4→~7F_5) to Eu^(3+) at 615 nm(~5D_0→~7F_2) was highly temperature-dependent with an approximate linear relationship, and the temperature sensitivity was about 0.4%/K. It is expected that the investigated Tb^(3+)/Eu^(3+) co-doped CaF_2 glass ceramics may have prospective application in optical thermometry.
The measurement of the weak magnetic field in nanoscale resolution and at room temperature is always a significant topic in biological, physical, and material science. Such detection can be used to decide the characterization of the samples, such as cells, materials, and so on. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has been proved to be able to detect a magnetic field with nano Tesla sensitivity and nanometer resolution at room temperature. Here we experimentally demonstrate an optimized NV center based single electron magnetometer in a commercial diamond and under a home-built optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) microscope. With current technology, we change the optically detected time window to get a better signal to noise ratio, and use dynamical decoupling to increase the slope of magnetic field amplitude versus fluorescence signal. By employing the 8-pulse XY-4 dynamical decoupling sequence we achieve a sensitivity of 18.9 nT (Hz)(1/2) , which is 1.7 times better than spin echo. We also propose a NV center based scanning diamond microscope for electron and nuclear spins detection as well as nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging. If it is realized, the NV center based magnetometry will have wide application in the future.
Cloud-based quantum computing is anticipated to be the most useful and reachable form for public users to experience with the power of quantum. As initial attempts, IBM Q has launched influential cloud services on a superconducting quantum processor in 2016, but no other platforms has followed up yet. Here,we report our new cloud quantum computing service – NMRCloud Q(http://nmrcloudq.com/zh-hans/),where nuclear magnetic resonance, one of the pioneer platforms with mature techniques in experimental quantum computing, plays as the role of implementing computing tasks. Our service provides a comprehensive software environment preconfigured with a list of quantum information processing packages,and aims to be freely accessible to either amateurs that look forward to keeping pace with this quantum era or professionals that are interested in carrying out real quantum computing experiments in person. In our current version, four qubits are already usable with in average 99.10% single-qubit gate fidelity and 97.15% two-qubit fidelity via randomized benchmaking tests. Improved control precisions as well as a new seven-qubit processor are also in preparation and will be available later.
Three types of β-NaYF_4nanoparticles, uncoated core(NaYF_4:Yb/Ho/Ce), single-layer coated core@shell(NaYF_4:Yb/Ho/Ce@NaYF_4:Yb) and double-layer coated core@shell@shell(NaYF_4:Yb/Ho@NaYF_4:Yb@NaYF_4:Yb) with Ce^(3+) doped in core, first and second shell, respectively, were synthesized through solvothermal method to investigate the cross-relaxation between Ho^(3+) and Ce^(3+) for the tunable upconversion luminescence. By doping Ce^(3+) into different layers with different doping concentrations, a systematical investigation on the tunable upconversion luminescence from green to red was conducted. The results showed that a remarkable color tuning could be achieved from green to red when increasing the doping concentration of Ce^(3+) in the same layer of Ho^(3+). And if Ce^(3+) and Ho^(3+) were separated in different layers, the color tuning would be depressed significantly due to the reduced cross-relaxation between Ho^(3+) and Ce^(3+). Moreover, the UC emission intensity of core@shell and core@shell@shell was enhanced significantly compared with that of unmodified core nanoparticles.
