Low thermal expansion composites are difficult to obtain by using Al with larger positive thermal expansion coefficient(TEC) and the materials with smaller negative TECs. In this investigation, Y_2Mo_3O_(12) with larger negative TEC is used to combine with Al to obtain a low thermal expansion composite with high conductivity. The TEC of Al is reduced by 19%for a ratio Al:Y_2Mo_3O_(12) of 0.3118. When the mass ratio of Al:Y_2Mo_3O_(12) increases to 2.0000, the conductivity of the composite increases so much that a transformation from capacitance to pure resistance appears. The results suggest that Y_2Mo_3O_(12) plays a dominant role in the composite for low content of Al(presenting isolate particles), while the content of Al increases enough to contact each other, the composite presents mainly the property of Al. For the effect of high content Al, it is considered that Al is squeezed out of the cermets during the uniaxial pressure process to form a thin layer on the surface.
Compounds with the formula Cr2-xZr0.5xMg0.5xMo3O12(x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.9, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9) are synthesized,and the effects of Zr4+and Mg2+co-incorporation on the phase transition, thermal expansion, and Raman mode are investigated. It is found that Cr2-xZr0.5xMg0.5xMo3O12crystallize into monoclinic structures for x ≤ 1.3 and orthorhombic structures for x ≥ 1.5 at room temperature. The phase transition temperature from a monoclinic to an orthorhombic structure of Cr2Mo3O12can be reduced by the partial substitution of(ZrMg)6+for Cr3+. The overall linear thermal expansion coefficient decreases with the increase of the(ZrMg)6+content in an orthorhombic structure sample. The co-incorporation of Zr4+and Mg2+in the lattice results in the occurrence of new Raman modes and the hardening of the symmetric vibrational modes, which are attributed to the MoO4tetrahedra sharing corners with ZrO6/MgO6octahedra and to the strengthening of Mo–O bonds due to less electronegativities of Zr4+and Mg2+than Cr3+, respectively.
HfMgMo_(3-x)W_xO_(12) with x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 are developed with a simple solid state method. With increasing the content of W, solid solutions of Hf Mg Mo3-xWx O12 crystallize in an orthorhombic structure for x≤2.0 and a monoclinic structure for x>2.0. A near-zero thermal expansion(ZTE) is realized for HfMgMo_(2.5)W_(0.5)O_(12) and negative coefficients of thermal expansion(NCTE) are achieved for other compositions with different values. The ZTE and variation of NCTE are attributed to the difference in electronegativity between W and Mo and incorporation of a different amount of W, which cause variable distortion of the octahedra and softening of the MoO_4 tetrahedra, and hence an enhanced NCTE in the a- and c-axis and reduced CTE in the b-axis as revealed by Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction.
We theoretically investigate the photonic band gap in one-dimensional photonic crystals with a graded multilayer structure. The proposed structure constitutes an alternating composite layer (metallic nanoparticles embedded in TiO2 film) and an air layer. Regarding the multilayer as a series of capacitance, effective optical properties are derived. The dispersion relation is obtained with the solution of the transfer matrix equation. With a graded structure in the composite layer, numerical results show that the position and width of the photonic band gap can be effectively modulated by varying the number of the graded composite layers, the volume fraction of nanoparticles and the external stimuli.
