根据2010年1月～2011年2月长沙地区日降水中δD、δ18 O资料,分析了该地区天气尺度下降水中δD、δ18 O变化特征。结果表明:在天气尺度下长沙地区大气降水中δ18 O与降水量、水汽压、温度及相对湿度之间存在显著的负相关关系,表明该地区降水中δ18 O的变化具有显著的降水量效应、湿度效应及反温度效应。长沙地区的大气降水线为:δD=8.38δ18 O+17.3,该方程与GNIP(Globe Network of Isotopes in Precipitation)提供的长沙在月尺度下所得到的大气水线方程的斜率和截距相近,但斜率和截距都比GMWL(Globe Meteoric Water Line)偏大,说明该地区具有湿润多雨的气候特点。研究结果对揭示东亚季风区稳定同位素变化特征以及古气候的解释具有重要意义。
In this paper, we examine the performance of four isotope incorporated GCMs, i.e., ECHAM4 (University of Hamburg), HadCM3 (Hadley Centre), GISS E (Goddard Institute of Space Sciences), and MUGCM (Melbourne University), by comparing the model results with GNIP (Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation) observations. The spatial distributions of mean annual δD and mean annual deuterium excess d in precipitation, and the relationship between δ18 o and δD in precipitation, are compared between GCMs and GNIP data over East Asia. Overall, the four GCMs reproduce major characteristics of δD in precipitation as observed by GNIP. Among the four models, the results of ECHAM4 and GISS E are more consistent with GNIP observed precipitation δD distribution. The simulated d distributions are less consistent with the GNIP results. This may indicate that kinetic fractionation processes are not appropriately represented in the isotopic schemes of GCMs. The GCM modeled MWL (meteoric water line) slopes are close to the GNIP derived MWL, but the simulated MWL intercepts are significantly overestimated. This supports that the four isotope incorporated GCMs may not represent the kinetic fractionation processes well. In term of LMWLs (local meteoric water lines), the simulated LMWL slopes are similar to those from GNIP observations, but slightly overestimated for most locations. Overall, ECHAM4 has better capability in simulating MWL and LMWLs, followed by GISS E. Some isotopic functions (especially those related to kinetic fractionation) and their parameterizations in GCMs may have caused the discrepancy between the simulated and GNIP observed results. Future work is recommended to improve isotopic function parameterization on the basis of the high-resolution isotope observations.
