The multi-roller straightening process of section steel is analyzed by the springback theory of small curvature plane bending.The theoretical analysis results prove the curvature unification in straightening process and clearly reveal the principle of the multi-roller straightening process.The principle can be described as:the initial curvatures are reduced by several times anti-bending;meanwhile the initial curvature differences are diminished and the residual curvatures are unified;finally,the member after curvature unification is straightened by the last anti-bending.With the plastic region ratios becoming larger,the initial curvatures are more easily unified in straightening process.Based on the plastic region ratios and the required number of roller systems for unifying the initial curvatures,the large deformation straightening strategy and the small deformation straightening strategy are redefined.The new definition provides an important theoretical basis for setting reliable reduction rules.Through the theoretical analysis results,a new straightener design philosophy is proposed to improve the straightening quality and further increase the adjustment precision as well as the flexibility of the last roller system.The adjustable end roller emerges as the times required,achieving agood effect in practical application.
Jing YINJun ZHAOShi-yan WANGXian-song WANYue-lin LI
Long-term use of chlorpyrifos poses a potential threat to the environment that cannot be ignored, yet little is known about the succession of substrate microbial communities in constructed wetlands(CWs) under chlorpyrifos stress. Six pilot-scale CW systems receiving artificial wastewater containing 1 mg/L chlorpyrifos were established to investigate the effects of chlorpyrifos and wetland vegetation on the microbial metabolism pattern of carbon sources and community structure, using BIOLOG and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) approaches. Based on our samples, BIOLOG showed that Shannon diversity(HV) and richness(S) values distinctly increased after 30 days when chlorpyrifos was added. At the same time, differences between the vegetated and the non-vegetated systems disappeared. DGGE profiles indicated that H Vand S had no significant differences among four different treatments. The effect of chlorpyrifos on the microbial community was mainly reflected at the physiological level. Principal component analysis(PCA) of both BIOLOG and DGGE showed that added chlorpyrifos made a difference on test results.Meanwhile, there was no difference between the vegetation and no-vegetation treatments after addition of chlorpyrifos at the physiological level. Moreover, the vegetation had no significant effect on the microbial community at the genetic level. Comparisons were made between bacteria in this experiment and other known chlorpyrifos-degrading bacteria. The potential chlorpyrifos-degrading ability of bacteria in situ may be considerable.
Dan ZhangChuan WangLiping ZhangDong XuBiyun LiuQiaohong ZhouZhenbin Wu
