Howto better grasp the essence and nature of the era is not only the key to understand the complicated world and its present developmental trend but also the necessary premise to the right choice of its strategy and tactics for a Marxist ruling party.Through a case study of Vietnam,the thesis attempts to analyze how the Communist Party of Vietnam understands the nature of the present era and then on its understanding as a base,how it constructs its developmental strategy when the world becomes changeable and complicated.