OBJECTIVE: To identify the optimal dosage of 17beta-estradiol gel + oral progestin for preventing bone loss in postmenopausal Chinese women. METHODS: A 3-year open label, randomized, prospective clinical trial was conducted. Sixty healthy women who had been postmenopausal for 1 to 5 years were recruited and divided into following 4 groups: group 1, percutaneous gel 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) 1.5 mg/d plus micronized progesterone (MP) 100 mg/d; group 2, percutaneous gel 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) 1.5 mg/d plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 2 mg/d; group 3, percutaneous gel 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) 0.75 mg/d plus micronized progesterone (MP) 100 mg/d; and group 4, percutaneous gel 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) 0.75 mg/d plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 2 mg/d. Estrogen and progestin were given continuously for 25 days per month. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) for trabecular bone of L2-5 and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) for L2-4 and hip 5 times during the trial at baseline and at the 6-, 12-, 18-, 24- and 36-month visits. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients (98.3%, 59/60) stayed in the study for 1 year, 56 patients (93.3%, 56/60) for 2 years, and 51 (85%, 51/50) for 3 years. On average, menopausal symptoms were relieved by 80% after 6 months of treatment. By the 24th month, the mean increase in BMD ranged from 4.3% to 7.5% in trabecular bone; and by the 36th month, it ranged from 4.2% to 6.2% in L2-4 and 1.61% to 3.77% in the neck. There were significant difference after treatment (P 0.05) was found in improvement of symptoms, levels of bone markers or BMD. CONCLUSION: A daily dose of estradiol gel, either 0.75 mg or 1.5 mg, is effective in preventing early postmenopausal bone loss and relieving menopausal symptoms. After 3-year treatment, spinal BMD could increase steadily, so does hip BMD, especially in the first 2 years.
目的研究中年妇女年龄、月经状态、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)及体力活动对机体组成及脂肪分布的影响。方法横断面收集于北京协和医院体检中心体检的健康妇女,利用经过效度和信度检验的国际体力活动问卷短卷中文版调查研究对象的体力活动情况,利用双能X线吸收法(DEXA)测定机体组成及脂肪分布情况。结果共收集到162例妇女资料,年龄40～62岁、(52.81±5.31)岁。多元线性回归分析结果显示,全身脂肪组织百分比与BMI(标准化偏回归系数b=0.70)、月经状态(b=0.19,生育期赋值1,绝经过渡期赋值2,绝经后赋值3,下同)呈正相关,而与体力活动能量消耗呈负相关(b=-0.17),回归方程的决定系数R^2=0.55。全身无脂肪组织含量(fat-free tissue)与BMI呈正相关(b=0.61)、与月经状态呈负相关(b=-0.14),回归方程的决定系数R^2=0.39。躯干脂肪/全身脂肪比值与BMI(b=0.32)、月经状态(b=0.30)呈正相关,回归方程的决定系数R^2=0.20。校正了BMI、月经状态及体力活动的影响后,年龄与全身脂肪组织百分比、全身无脂肪组织含量、躯干脂肪/全身脂肪比值均无明显相关性。结论月经状态对机体组成及脂肪分布具有独立影响,随着生殖衰老的进展,脂肪组织增加且趋于中心性分布,机体无脂肪组织含量降低。而年龄本身与机体组成及脂肪分布无直接关系。中年妇女应增加体力活动,保持适当的体重以降低绝经对脂肪组织所造成的不利变化。
