A study was conducted to determine the effects of elevated CO2 on soil N process at Changbai Mountain in Jilin Province, northeastern China （42°24＂N, 128°06＂E, and 738 m elevation）. A randomized complete block design of ambient and elevated CO2 was established in an open-top chamber facility in the spring of 1999. Changpai Scotch pine （Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis seeds were sowed in May, 1999 and CO2 fumigation treatments began after seeds germination. In each year, the exposure started at the end of April and stopped at the end of October. Soil samples were collected in June and August 2006 and in June 2007, and soil nitrifying, denitrifying and N2-fixing enzyme activities were measured. Results show that soil nitrifying enzyme activities （NEA） in the 5-10 cm soil layer were significantly increased at elevated CO2 by 30.3% in June 2006, by 30.9% in August 2006 and by 11.3% in June 2007. Soil denitrifying enzyme activities （DEA） were significantly decreased by elevated CO2 treatment in June 2006 （P 〈 0.012） and August 2006 （P 〈 0.005） samplings in our study; no significant difference was detected in June 2007, and no significant changes in N2-fixing enzyme activity were found. This study suggests that elevated CO2 can alter soil nitrifying enzyme and denitrifying enzyme activities.
【目的】探究硫和锰添加对长白山森林土壤和腐殖质顽固性有机碳的矿化速率及其温度敏感性(Q10)的影响,为评估长白山森林碳元素的生物地球化学循环对大气硫输入的响应提供科学依据。【方法】采集长白山阔叶红松林、杨桦林和高山苔原土壤以及阔叶红松林和杨桦林腐殖质样品,进行室内培养试验。首先将样品置于25℃预培养90天,以移除易分解的活性碳组分,之后分别加入2 mL MnCl2、NaCl、MnSO4和Na2SO4溶液(Mn添加量为3 mg·g^-1有机碳),对照处理加入等体积的双蒸水,分别置于25和35℃下培养30天,于第1、3、6、10、15、21和30天测定释放的CO2量,并计算顽固性有机碳矿化速率、累积矿化量和有机碳矿化的温度敏感性(Q10)。在培养结束时(第30天),采用磷脂脂肪酸生物标记(PLFA)法测定土壤和腐殖质样品的磷脂脂肪酸总量。【结果】在MnCl2和NaCl处理间及在MnSO4和Na2SO4处理间,土壤和腐殖质的顽固性有机碳矿化速率、累积矿化量和Q10无显著差异(P>0.05);腐殖质的顽固性有机碳矿化速率在4种处理之间无显著差异;土壤顽固性有机碳矿化速率在MnSO4处理下得到提高(P<0.05),而MnCl2处理对其无显著影响;添加可MnSO4和Na2SO4显著提高3种土壤和杨桦林腐殖质顽固性有机碳累积矿化量(P<0.05),而添加MnCl2和NaCl处理则无显著影响,表明供试土壤和腐殖质有机碳矿化受到硫添加的影响,而不是锰添加;添加硫和锰可显著降低阔叶红松林土壤顽固性有机碳矿化速率Q10(P<0.05),而对杨桦林和高山苔原土壤无显著影响;阔叶红松林和杨桦林腐殖质的微生物总量在MnSO4处理下显著提高(P<0.05),而MnCl2处理对其无显著影响;MnSO4添加可提高土壤的微生物总量,特别是高山苔原土壤显著高于对照(P<0.05)。【结论】硫添加可显著提高长白山森林土壤的顽固性有机碳矿化速率和累积矿化量,而锰添加则无显著影响。�
