[目的]从全球水平分析肺癌终生罹患风险和死亡风险。[方法]利用GLOBOCAN2022肺癌发病、死亡数据和联合国发布的人口和全死因数据,采用调整多原发癌的方法估计全球和不同地区肺癌终生罹患风险和死亡风险。[结果]全球肺癌终生罹患风险为3.59%[95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):3.58%~3.59%],居不同癌种的第3位。终生罹患风险值存在明显的性别差异和地区差异,男性风险值为4.43%(95%CI:4.42%~4.44%),高于女性[2.71%(95%CI:2.70%~2.72%)],男女性别比为1.63∶1;全球不同人类发展指数(human development index,HDI)地区中,风险值随着HDI水平的升高而增加,超高HDI地区风险值为5.36%(95%CI:5.34%~5.37%),低HDI地区风险值为0.34%(95%CI:0.33%~0.34%);全球20个地区中,东亚地区终生罹患风险最高,为7.53%(95%CI:7.52%~7.55%);西非地区风险值最低,为0.16%(95%CI:0.16%~0.17%)。全球肺癌终生死亡风险为2.78%(95%CI:2.78%~2.78%),居不同癌种的第1位。终生死亡风险也存在明显的性别差异和地区差异,男性风险值[3.64%(95%CI:3.63%~3.64%)]高于女性[1.89%(95%CI:1.89%~1.90%)],男女性别比为1.93∶1;全球不同HDI水平地区中,风险值随着HDI水平的升高而增加,超高HDI地区风险值为3.98%(95%CI:3.97%~3.99%),低HDI地区风险值为0.31%(95%CI:0.31%~0.31%);全球20个地区中,死亡风险最高的为密克罗尼西亚联邦/波利尼西亚[5.80%(95%CI:4.98%~6.62%)],死亡风险最低的为西非[0.15%(95%CI:0.15%~0.16%)]。中国肺癌终生罹患风险和死亡风险分别为7.54%(95%CI:7.52%~7.56%)和5.88%(95%CI:5.87%~5.90%),均居所有癌种的第1位。[结论]全球和不同地区肺癌终生罹患风险和死亡风险仍然较高,风险值随着HDI水平的增加而升高,中国肺癌终生罹患风险和死亡风险均高于全球水平,提示基于肺癌相关危险因素和筛查与早诊早治的综合防控措施仍需不断加强,从而降低肺癌疾病负担。
Multicolor microscopy and super-resolution optical microscopy are two widely used techniques that greatly enhance the ability to distinguish and resolve structures in cellular imaging.These methods have individually transformed cellular imaging by allowing detailed visualization of cellular and subcellular structures,as well as organelle interactions.However,integrating multicolor and super-resolution microscopy into a single method remains challenging due to issues like spectral overlap,crosstalk,photobleaching,phototoxicity,and technical complexity.These challenges arise from the conflicting requirements of using different fluorophores for multicolor labeling and fluorophores with specific properties for super-resolution imaging.We propose a novel multicolor super-resolution imaging method called phasor-based fluorescence spatiotemporal modulation(Phasor-FSTM).This method uses time-resolved detection to acquire spatiotemporal data from encoded photons,employs phasor analysis to simultaneously separate multiple components,and applies fluorescence modulation to create super-resolution images.Phasor-FSTM enables the identification of multiple structural components with greater spatial accuracy on an enhanced laser scanning confocal microscope using a single-wavelength laser.To demonstrate the capabilities of Phasor-FSTM,we performed two-color to four-color super-resolution imaging at a resolution of~λ/5 and observed the interactions of organelles in live cells during continuous imaging for a duration of over 20 min.Our method stands out for its simplicity and adaptability,seamlessly fitting into existing laser scanning microscopes without requiring multiple laser lines for excitation,which also provides a new avenue for other super-resolution imaging technologies based on different principles to build multi-color imaging systems with the requirement of a lower budget.
Schottky mass spectrometry utilizing heavy-ion storage rings is a powerful technique for the precise mass and decay half-life measurements of highly charged ions.Owing to the nondestructive ion detection features of Schottky noise detectors,the number of stored ions in the ring is determined by the peak area in the measured revolution frequency spectrum.Because of their intrinsic amplitude-frequency characteristic(AFC),Schottky detector systems exhibit varying sensitivities at different frequencies.Using low-energy electron-cooled stored ions,a new method is developed to calibrate the AFC curve of the Schottky detector system of the Experimental Cooler Storage Ring(CSRe)storage ring located in Lanzhou,China.Using the amplitude-calibrated frequency spectrum,a notable refinement was observed in the precision of both the peak position and peak area.As a result,the storage lifetimes of the electron-cooled fully ionized^(56)Fe^(26+)ions were determined with high precision at beam energies of 13.7 and 116.4 MeV/u,despite of frequency drifts during the experiment.When electron cooling was turned off,the effective vacuum condition experienced by the 116.4 MeV/u^(56)Fe^(26+)ions was determined using amplitude-calibrated spectra,revealing a value of 2×10^(−10)mbar,which is consistent with vacuum gauge readings along the CSRe ring.The method reported herein will be adapted for the next-generation storage ring of the HIAF facility under construction in Huizhou,China.It can also be adapted to other storage ring facilities worldwide to improve precision and enhance lifetime measurements using many ions in the ring.
